Buddhist Monastic Education in Guangdong 2012–2022: Transformative Concepts and Roles in China's New Era

Abstract

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012, Chinese society has entered a new phase focused on comprehensively constructing a moderately prosperous society. Concurrently, the ideology of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era was officially introduced, leading to significant reforms across various sectors, including the sinicization of religions. This context presents an opportune moment for advancing educational reform within Buddhist temples. This study examines the development and transformation of Buddhist temple education in Guangdong Province over the past decade. Employing a mixed-methods approach grounded in social cognitive theory, the research incorporates historical analysis, literature review, participant observation, and interviews with key stakeholders. Primary data sources include archival records from Guangdong Buddhist College, policy documents, media reports, and academic publications. The research aims to (1) explore the evolving educational concepts and roles within Buddhist temples in Guangdong; (2) analyze how temple education balances traditional values with modern educational demands; (3) identify challenges faced and strategies adopted for institutional management reform; (4) assess the influence of temple education on contemporary Chinese society; and (5) offer insights for the future development of Buddhist education in China. Findings indicate that Buddhist temple education in Guangdong is a vital platform for cultural preservation, social adaptation, and the cultivation of politically aware, ethically grounded, and academically competent monks. Despite significant progress, the system faces ongoing challenges such as declining monastic enrollment, employment difficulties for graduates, and navigating modern societal expectations. Recommendations and future research directions are proposed to support sustainable development.